اِقْرَأ وَ رَبُّكَ الاَكْرَمُ

اَلَّذِى عَلَّمَ بِالْقَلَمِ

عَلَّمَ الاِنْسَانَ مَالَم يَعْلَمُ

Recite and your Fosterer is Most Honourable.

Who taught with the pen.

He taught man that which he did not know.

ELEMENTARY GRAMMAR OF THE HOLY QURAN

Introduction

It’s very tragic that most of us recite the Holy Quran, the word of ALLAH, the book of instructions, the only Source of authentic knowledge, without understanding it. We offer Salat, reciting passages in Arabic which we do not mean, because again we do not understand what we say.

In our worldly life, for nominal financial and social benefits, we take pains even in old age, to learn any language imposed on us. We spend hundreds and thousands of rupees on private tuitions for our children, to make them understand highly complicated subjects of Mathematics and Science, but when the problem of understanding the Holy Quran is posed, we are indifferent. Are we not answerable for this indifferent attitude of ours? Yes! It is in response to this fear that this work has been prepared so as to help the English knowing readers of the Holy Quran in learning basic important rules of grammer used in the Holy Quran.

The Holy Quran contains 1800 and odd basic root words which have been repeated in a variety of grammatic forms. Some of these words convey more than one meaning. All these words add up to 2000 and odd. If one learns the meanings of these 2000 and odd words and the grammatic rules to use them correctly in framing sentences, then, Insha Allah, in due course of time, he may be able to understand nearly the whole of the Holy Quran without the help of any translation and he may also be able to offer his Salat knowing the meaning of every word he recites. Aren’t these great temptations to understand, memorise and digest this small book?

May Allah help us, in fulfilling this desire with the sole aim of practically implementing all that we understand, and there by achieve success and happiness in this world and in the hereafter. Ameen.

Dr. MIR ANEESUDDIN, M.Sc., Ph.D. (Osm)

CONTENTS   

ELEMENTARY GRAMMER / PRONOUNS & WORDS OTHER THAN NOUNS AND VERBS

ARABIC WORDS

NOUN اِسْمٌ

Noun is the name of any person, place or thing. Following varieties of nouns deserve our attention.

• INFLEXIBLE NOUN اِسْمِ جَامِدْ
• VERBAL NOUN  مَصْدِرٌ
• COMMON NOUN اِسْمِ نِكِرة
• PROPER NOUN اِسْمِ مَعْرِفَه
• ACTIVE NOUN ( SUBJECT )  فَاعِلْ
• PASSIVE NOUN ( OBJECT ) مَفْعُوْلٌ
• NOUN OF PLACE AND TIME اسم ضرف و مكان و زمان
• NOUN OF THE INSTRUMENT   اِسْم آله
• ADJECTIVE اِسْمِ صِفَتْ
• NOUN OF EXAGERATION    اِسْم مُبَالِغَه
• COMPARATIVE NOUN  اِسْمِ تَفْضِيْل
• NOUN OF MULTITUDE  جَمَعْ تَكْثِيْر
• RELATIVE NOUNS 
• GENDER (  MASCULINE, FEMININE )  
• NUMBER:- SINGULAR, DUAL, PLURAL 

PRONOUNS ضَمَانِر

VERB فَعَل

Verb is a word that indicates an action associated with past, present  or future.

• INTRANSITIVE VERB فعل لا زم
• TRANSITIVE VERB فعل متعدي
• PAST TENSE ACTIVE VOICE فعل ماضي معروف
• PAST TENSE PASSIVE VOICE فعل ماضي مجهول
• AORIST TENSE فعل مضارع
• AORIST TENSE, ACTIVE VOICE فعل مضارع معروف
• AORIST TENSE PASSIVE VOICE فعل مضارع مجهول
• OTHER FORMS OF PAST TENSE
• OTHER FORMS OF AORIST TENSE
• IMPERATIVE MOOD اَمر
• PROHIBITIVE نَهِي
• IMPERATIVE AND PROHIBITIVE MOODS OF FIRST AND THIRD PERSONS
• DERIVATIVES OF TRILITERALS ثَلاَثِي مَزِيْدِ فِيْهِ

WORDS OTHER THAN NOUNS AND VERBS

• PREPOSITIONS
• CONJUNCTION
• WORDS USE FOR QUESTIONS
• AFFIRMATIVE WORDS
• NEGATIVE WORDS
• WORDS CONVEYING CONDITION
• DIRECTIONAL WORDS
• OTHER PARTICLES

PHASES AND SENTENCES

A group of two or more words is know as a مُرَكَّب ( compound ).

• PHRASE
• SENTENCE

CHAPTER – 1

ARABIC WORDS

In Arabic language, most of the Nouns and Verbs are derived from words normally consisting of a minimum of 3 alphabets like

ف ع ل - فَعَلَ ع ب د - عَبَدَ

He worshipped He did

The meaning, gender, number, tense etc. of any root word can be altered, by adding appropriate alphabets in the beginning, middle or at the end and also by changing the signs above and below each alphabets.

I murder اَقْتُلُ

Murderer قَاتِلٌ

We murdered قَتَلْنَا

He murdered قَتَلَ

He was murdered قُتِلَ

Thus from a single 3 lettered root word numerous other words can be derived but the basic meaning of the root words is normally retained in some form or the other.

There are 8 signs which are marked above or below an alphabet to produce sounds shown below :

u, as in who

a, as in far

e, as in seen

un , as in dhun

an, as in run

in , as in pin.

or are used for abrupt stop, as in “cut” فَعَلَتْ for repeating the sound of an alphabet as in running, الّله . Nouns can be identified by the prefix اَلْ as in اَلرَّحْمَانُ or in the signs , or on the last alphabet of a world زَيْدٌ , نَاصِرًا or حَامِدٍ . A verb can be identified when it is prefixed by قَدْ , لَ , سَوْفَ or سَ and by the sign on the last alphabet.

Past tense He has killed قَدْقَتَلَ

Present tense He knows يَعْلَمُ

Future tense He will strike سَيَضْرِبُ

Future tense You will know سَوْفَ تَعْلَمُوْنَ

Order ( you ) kill اُقْتُلْ

The number of alphabets and their signs in the case of the preposition used for joining nouns and verbs are fixed :

from = مِنْ over = عَلى in = فِيْ

The three lettered word فَعَلَ meaning ‘to work’, is usually selected to demonstrate the changes that can be brought about in the meaning, gender, tense etc. of a root word by altering the signs of and increasing the number of alphabets : works = اَفْعَالٌ

You ( will ) work = تَفْعَلُ one who works = فَاعِلٌ work = فَعْلٌ

When the root words contains the vowels ي or و or ا then along with the signs some of the letters too are changed or even dropped. In the case of the root word قَوْلٌ instead of writing قَوْلَ for the third person singular past tense, it is written as قَالَ that is و is replaced by ا . In the case of the root letter و ق ي for the imparative form, only one letter is used قِ meaning “Guard” as in قِنَا عَذَابَ النَّارِ ( guard or save us from the punishment of fire )

CHAPTER – II

NOUN اِسْمٌ

Noun is the name of any person, place or thing. Following varieties of nouns deserve our attention.

1. INFLEXIBLE NOUN اِسْمِ جَامِدْ

A noun which has not been derived from an infinitive :

Elephant = فِيْلٌ Horse = فَرَسٌ

2. VERBAL NOUN مَصْدِرٌ

A noun that has been derived from an infinitive and from which other words are derived :

( Infinitive ) To murder = قَتَلَ

( Noun ) Murder = قَتْلٌ

( Derived subject ) Murderer = قَاتِلٌ

( Derived object ) one who is murdered = مَقْتُوْلٌ

3. COMMON NOUN اِسْمِ نِكِرة

These nouns refer to Classes or groups of things :

Star = نَجْمٌ House = بَيْتٌ

4. PROPER NOUN اِسْمِ مَعْرِفَه

These nouns refer to particular persons, places or things like : مَكَّةٌ ، حَامِدٌ

When the alphabets اَلْ are prefixed to a common noun, it gets converted to a proper noun, imparting the meaning of the English article “THE”

The Star اَلنَّجْمُ

The House